Multi-aspect approach to the optimization of pharmacotherapy of patients with arterial hypertension of high and very high risk

Abstract

Introduction: Personalization of pharmacotherapy of cardiovascular diseases is one of the urgent problems of cardiology.

Material and methods: The study includes 120 patients with grades 2-3 arterial hypertension with the criteria of high and very high risk of developing cardiovascular complications. The patients were randomized into three groups with differentstarting regimens of pharmacotherapy – fixed and free combinations of ACE inhibitors and dihydropyridine CCB. Evaluation of the efficacy, safety and individualization of a therapy was carried out by using pharmacokinetic, pharmacoeconomic, sonographic, and laboratory methods.

Results and discussion: Antihypertensive treatment with the inclusion of Amlodipine and Lisinopril or Ramipril in patients with arterial hypertension, having a slow and very slow oxidative metabolism phenotype, is characterized by the development of a more pronounced hypotensive effect in this group of patients (p<0.05-0.001) (Δ% SBP from 12.7 to 24.6 and from 19.6 to 27.9, respectively; Δ% DBP from 10.6 to 19.1 and from 15.9 to 23.6, respectively) in comparison to the group of patients with a fast phenotype (Δ% SBP from 6.42 to 9.34; Δ% DBP from 1.04 to 5.66), which allows administering a personalized pharmacotherapy. For patients with arterial hypertension of high and very high risk, the use of a fixed combination of Amlodipine and Lisinopril as a basic variant of the two-four-component therapy compared with treatment options based on free combinations of the studied drugs provided a significantly more pronounced decrease in systolic blood pressure (24.9%, 17.8 %, 19.0%, respectively, p<0.01), a greater degree of regression of left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy (8.70%, 5.67%, 5.84%, respectively, p<0.05), significant (p<0.05-0.001) improvement in a number of parameters of the patients’ quality of life, and was characterized by the greatest economic efficiency according to various criteria of hypotensive action.

Conclusion: The results obtained in the study demonstrate the advantages of a fixed combination over free combinations of antihypertensive drugs and demonstrate the possibility of a pharmacokinetic approach to individualization of pharmacotherapy.