Reasons for using carnitine in managing dioxins-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A scoping review
Authors
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Marwan Al-Nimer
College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5336-3353
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Vian Wasta Esmail
University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan region, Iraq
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5914-8136
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Tavga Aziz
College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan region, Iraq
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-6127
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18413/rrpharmacology.12.729Abstract
Introduction: Preclinical studies and epidemiological observational surveys showed that dioxin is a toxic substance that causes hepatic steatosis, metabolic dysregulation, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Workers in industries who live near the contaminated areas or consume contaminated food are at risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).
Materials and Methods: This scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and summarised the published literature on the mechanisms of action of carnitine (s) that counteract the mechanisms of dioxin(s)-inducing MASLD/MDAFLD/NAFLD/NASH/ in the preclinical studies. We addressed this exploratory review as a broad question and did not intend to conduct a systematic review; for that reason, we did not follow PRISMA guidelines.
Results and Discussion: The mechanisms by which dioxin-induced MASLAD can be counteracted by L-carnitine or acetyl-L-carnitine at the same site of dioxin effects are discussed in this scoping review. Carnitine acts as a metabolic antagonist against dioxin, according to the findings of preclinical, clinical observational, controlled clinical trials, and meta-analysis studies. Therefore, using competitive or non-competitive aryl receptor-blocking drugs to stop dioxin's harmful effects is not necessary.
Conclusion: L-carnitine or acetyl-L-carnitine as a supplementary nutrient could prevent or improve the clinical picture of MASLD in people at risk of dioxin toxicity.
Graphical Abstract
Keywords:
Acetyl-L-Carnitine, Aryl hydrocarbon receptors, Carnitine, Dioxin, Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease, Reactive oxygen speciesReferences
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