Nonclassical cardiovascular effects of imidazoline receptor agonists

Abstract

Introduction: Imidazoline receptors are a group of metabotropic receptors whose activation is associated with changes in a number of functional parameters, including hemodynamics (lowering blood pressure (BP), negative chrono-and inotropic effects), metabolic metabolism (reducing insulin resistance, increasing high-density lipoproteins (HDL) levels) and hemorheology (antiplatelet activity). In addition, the spectrum of molecular pharmacological effects of imidazoline receptor (IR) agonists includes anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifibrinolytic activities.

Materials and Methods: Literature sources were searched using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, including such article types as meta-analysis, randomized controlled trial, and review. The inclusion criteria were full availability of data, scientific significance, and relevance of research.

Results and Discussion: Experimental studies in animals revealed such effects of agonists IR as a decrease in the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and interleukin expression. The experience of using agonists IR therapy in clinical practice has revealed its effectiveness in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) II-IIIof NYHA class II-III NYHA with an ejection fraction of less than 40%, arterial hypertension (AH) and microalbuminuria.

Conclusions: In general, the totality of data available to date indicates a high expediency of including imidazoline receptors in the repertoire of pharmacological targets, the impact on which can affect not only soft, but also hard endpoints in the treatment of cardiovascular pathology.

Graphical Abstract