Влияние рецепторов грелина и орексина 1 типа на импульсивность принятия решений в модели азартных игр Iowa для животных в условиях стресса

Действие Ghsr1a и Ox1r в модели IGTпри воздействии стресса

Авторы

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18413/rrpharmacology.12.1036

Аннотация

Введение. Электронные ресурсы и компьютерные игры являются важными инструментами социального взаимодействия, отдыха и обучения, но, согласно литературным данным, они также могут вызывать зависимость у 1,2–1,4% пользователей. Воздействие стресса, умеренное повторяющееся или однократное сильное, способствует развитию и рецидиву зависимости. Поэтому особенно важно изучать эффекты перспективных фармакологических средств, направленных на борьбу с аддиктивным поведением в стрессовых условиях. Системы грелина и орексина принимают участие в регуляции как активность системы вознаграждения, так и стресса, что делает их особенно интересными для изучения зависимого поведения.
Материалы и методы. Импульсивный компонент принятия решений у крыс в условиях стресса оценивали с помощью модификации теста на азартные игры Iowa (IGT) в установке, состоящей из трёх рукавов (C1–3), в каждом из которых выдавались семена подсолнечника с определённой величиной и вероятностью (C1 — одно семя при каждом заходе, C2 — 2 семени при каждом втором заходе, C3 — 3 семени при каждом третьем заходе). В качестве аверсивного воздействия использовали стресс, вызванный электростимулячией конечностей (или "Foot Shock", 0,6 мА, 1 мин, 1 раз в неделю), и формирование посттравматического стрессового расстройства после взаимодействия с хищником. Новый пептидный антагонист грелина агрелакс и селективный антагонист рецепторов орексина 1-го типа SB-408124 вводили интраназально. Экспрессию мРНК в префронтальной коре, гипоталамусе и миндалевидном теле оценивали методом полимеразной цепной реакции.
Результаты. Эксперименты показали, что электростимуляция конечностей и взаимодействие с хищником влияют на различные компоненты импульсивности в тесте IGT для крыс. Электростимуляция конечностей (FS) влияла на контроль за импульсами, что проявлялось в увеличении числа переходов между рукавами с 29,4 ± 2,4 до 40,0 ± 2,6. На биохимическом уровне FS достоверно снижал экспрессию мРНК рецептора грелина в префронтальной коре (0,79 ± 0,18) и миндалевидном теле (0,15 ± 0,03), а также повышал экспрессию мРНК рецептора орексина 1-го типа в префронтальной коре (1330,38 ± 105,54) и гипоталамусе (44,71 ± 16,24). Посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство (ПТСР), сформировавшееся в результате взаимодействия с хищником, повлияло на принятие решений крысами, достоверно увеличив долю выбора наиболее рискованного варианта C3 с 45,8 ± 1,2 до 55,3 ± 3,5%. Количество переходов, увеличивающихся после FS, было снижено только под действием агрелакса до 26,8 ± 3,0, а доля C3 была снижена как под действием агрелакса (43,2 ± 3,1%), так и SB-408124 (44,3 ± 1,6%) у крыс с ПТСР.
Выводы. Данное исследование подтверждает, что повторяющийся умеренный и однократный сильный стресс увеличивают импульсивность у крыс в тесте IGT, но влияют на разные компоненты поведения — импульсный контроль и принятие решений соответственно. Антагонисты грелиновых и орексиновых рецепторов 1-го типа снижают импульсивность, вызванную сформировавшимся посттравматическим стрессовым расстройством, но эффект от электростимуляции конечностей нивелирует только агрелакс. Согласно результатам, электростимуляций конечностей снижала экспрессию мРНК рецептора грелина в префронтальной коре и миндалевидном теле и увеличивала экспрессию мРНК рецептора орексина 1-го типа в префронтальной коре и гипоталамусе.

Графическая аннотация

Ключевые слова:

Зависимость, электростимуляция конечностей, импульсивность, игровой тест Iowa, орексигенные пептиды, посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство

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Вклад авторов

Maria A. Netesa, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia

Graduate student, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: saintula@gmail.com; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7353-1745. Conducting experiments, data analysis, article writing.

Andrei A. Lebedev, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia

Doctor Habil. of Biological Sciences, Professor, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: aalebedev-iem@rambler.ru; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-0425. Conducting experiments, data analysis, article writing.

Edgar A. Sekste, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia

PhD in Biology, senior research fellow, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: sekste_edgar@mail.ru; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9753-8303. Conducting a polymerase chain reaction, data analysis, article writing.

Galina P. Kosyakova, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia

Ph.D in Biology, research fellow, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: pharm@iemspb.ru; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7211-7839. Conducting a polymerase chain reaction, data analysis, article writing.

Victor A. Lebedev, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia

PhD in Biology, research fellow, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: pharm@iemspb.ru; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1525-8106. Data analysis, article writing.

Eugenii R. Bychkov, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia

Doctor Habil. of Medical Sciences, head of the laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: pharm@iemspb.ru; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-6805. Data analysis, article writing.

Petr D. Shabanov, Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Научное Учреждение “Институт Экспериментальной Медицины”

Doctor Habil. of Medical Sciences, Professor, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: pd@iemspb.ru; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1464-1127. Development of the general concept.

Опубликован

11.06.2026

Как цитировать

Netesa MA, Lebedev AA, Sekste EA, Kosyakova GP, Lebedev VA, Bychkov ER, Shabanov PD (2026) Ghrelin and orexin 1 type receptors effects on impulsive component of decision making in the Iowa Gambling Task Animal Model under stress conditions: Действие Ghsr1a и Ox1r в модели IGTпри воздействии стресса. Research Results in Pharmacology 12(2): 46–59. https://doi.org/10.18413/rrpharmacology.12.1036

Выпуск

Раздел

Экспериментальная фармакология

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